El pensamiento de Derrida sobre el amor no suele ser estudiado porque, al parecer, el mismo autor no ha sido tan claro al respecto. Este artículo pretende aportar a este vacío usando como documento de estudio el libro Éperons del autor, que pretende ser una ponencia sobre Nietzsche. A partir de una interpretación de los pasajes en los que Derrida se refiere al amor, encontramos casi siempre se trata de una cita de Nietzsche. Esto parece caracterizar un acto de ventriloquia (...) que subyace a la estrategia del autor. El problema surge cuando nos percatamos de que Derrida no da cuenta de la intromisión del amor en las citas que usa. Derrida prefiere evadir el problema del amor porque está en el núcleo de su propuesta de deconstrucción. (shrink)

In 2004 Atserias, Kolaitis, and Vardi proposed $\text {OBDD}$ -based propositional proof systems that prove unsatisfiability of a CNF formula by deduction of an identically false $\text {OBDD}$ from $\text {OBDD}$ s representing clauses of the initial formula. All $\text {OBDD}$ s in such proofs have the same order of variables. We initiate the study of $\text {OBDD}$ based proof systems that additionally contain a rule that allows changing the order in $\text {OBDD}$ s. At first we consider a proof (...) system $\text {OBDD}$ that uses the conjunction rule and the rule that allows changing the order. We exponentially separate this proof system from $\text {OBDD}$ proof system that uses only the conjunction rule. We prove exponential lower bounds on the size of $\text {OBDD}$ refutations of Tseitin formulas and the pigeonhole principle. The first lower bound was previously unknown even for $\text {OBDD}$ proofs and the second one extends the result of Tveretina et al. from $\text {OBDD}$ to $\text {OBDD}$.In 2001 Aguirre and Vardi proposed an approach to the propositional satisfiability problem based on $\text {OBDD}$ s and symbolic quantifier elimination $ algorithms). We augment these algorithms with the operation of reordering of variables and call the new scheme $\text {OBDD}$ algorithms. We notice that there exists an $\text {OBDD}$ algorithm that solves satisfiable and unsatisfiable Tseitin formulas in polynomial time, but we show that there are formulas representing systems of linear equations over $\mathbb {F}_2$ that are hard for $\text {OBDD}$ algorithms. Our hard instances are satisfiable formulas representing systems of linear equations over $\mathbb {F}_2$ that correspond to checksum matrices of error correcting codes. (shrink)

Many experiential properties are naturally understood as dispositions such that e.g. a cake tastes good to you iff you are disposed to get gustatory pleasure when you eat it. Such dispositional analyses, however, face a challenge. It has been widely observed that one cannot properly assert “The cake tastes good to me” unless one has tried it. This acquaintance requirement is puzzling on the dispositional account because it should be possible to be disposed to like the cake even if this (...) disposition has never been manifested. We argue that familiar response strategies on behalf of the dispositionalist fail. These include appeals to conversational implicatures, expressivism, semantic presuppositions and norms of assertion. Against this background, we propose a new analysis in terms of what we call tendencies, where a tendency is a disposition that has been manifested. The acquaintance requirement comes out as an entailment. We point out a hitherto unnoticed parallel to sentences ascribing character traits such as “Hannah is brave,” and extend our tendency-based analysis to this domain. (shrink)

Damn Great Empires! offers a new perspective on the works of William James by placing his encounter with American imperialism at the center of his philosophical vision. This book reconstructs James's overlooked political thought by treating his anti-imperialist Nachlass -- his speeches, essays, notes, and correspondence on the United States' annexation of the Philippines -- as the key to unlocking the political significance of his celebrated writings on psychology, religion, and philosophy. It shows how James located a craving for authority (...) at the heart of empire as a way of life, a craving he diagnosed and unsettled through his insistence on a modern world without ultimate foundations. Livingston explores the persistence of political questions in James's major works, from his writings on the self in The Principles of Psychology to the method of Pragmatism, the study of faith and conversion in The Varieties of Religious Experience, and the metaphysical inquiries in A Pluralistic Universe. Against the conventional view of James as a thinker who remained silent on questions of politics, this book places him in dialogue with a transatlantic critique of modernity, as well as with champions and critics of American imperialism, from Theodore Roosevelt to W. E. B. Du Bois, in order to excavate James's anarchistic political vision. Bringing the history of political thought into conversation with contemporary debates in political theory, Damn Great Empires! offers a fresh and original reexamination of the political consequences of pragmatism as a public philosophy. (shrink)

Volume 20, Issue 6, June 2020, Page 30-32.

Demystifying Legal Reasoning defends the proposition that there are no special forms of reasoning peculiar to law. Legal decision makers engage in the same modes of reasoning that all actors use in deciding what to do: open-ended moral reasoning, empirical reasoning, and deduction from authoritative rules. This book addresses common law reasoning when prior judicial decisions determine the law, and interpretation of texts. In both areas, the popular view that legal decision makers practise special forms of reasoning is false.

In a recent article in this journal, Parker Crutchfield argues that if moral bioenhancement ought to be compulsory, as some authors claim, then it ought to be covert, i.e., performed without the knowledge of the population that is being morally enhanced. Crutchfield argues that since the aim of compulsory moral bioenhancement is to prevent ultimate harm to the population, compulsory moral bioenhancement is best categorized as a public health issue, and should therefore be governed by the norms and values that (...) apply in public health settings. In this article, I argue for two related claims. First, I question the extent to which compulsory moral enhancement should be considered a public health issue that ought to be governed by the norms and values that apply in public health settings. Second, I argue that Crutchfield's argument that covert moral bioenhancement would better respect people's autonomy than an overt program overlooks two important autonomy‐based reasons that, in fact, favor an overt moral enhancement program over a covert one. (shrink)

James Mill - A Biography is an unchanged, high-quality reprint of the original edition of 1882. Hansebooks is editor of the literature on different topic areas such as research and science, travel and expeditions, cooking and nutrition, medicine, and other genres. As a publisher we focus on the preservation of historical literature. Many works of historical writers and scientists are available today as antiques only. Hansebooks newly publishes these books and contributes to the preservation of literature which has become rare (...) and historical knowledge for the future. (shrink)

In a homogeneous jury, the votes are exchangeable correlated Bernoulli random variables. We derive the bounds on a homogeneous jury’s competence as the minimum and maximum probability of the jury being correct, which arise due to unknown correlations among the votes. The lower bound delineates the downside risk associated with entrusting decisions to the jury. In large and not-too-competent juries the lower bound may fall below the success probability of a fair coin flip—one half, while the upper bound may not (...) reach a certainty. We also derive the bounds on the voting power of an individual juror as the minimum and maximum probability of her/his casting a decisive vote. The maximum is less than one, while the minimum of zero can be attained for infinitely many combinations of distribution moments. (shrink)

Two sources of possible disagreement in bioethics may be associated with pessimism about what bioethics can achieve. First, pluralism implies that bioethics engages with interlocutors who hold divergent moral beliefs. Pessimists might believe that these disagreements significantly limit the extent to which bioethics can provide normatively robust guidance in relevant areas. Second, the interdisciplinary nature of bioethics suggests that interlocutors may hold divergent views on the nature of bioethics itself—particularly its practicality. Pessimists may suppose that interdisciplinary disagreements could frustrate the (...) goals of bioethics. In this article, I explore how wonder may alleviate the concerns of the first group of pessimists regarding problems associated with pluralism, provided that we are willing to accept some interdisciplinary frustrations. Then, I invite readers of this issue of The Journal of Medicine & Philosophy to test these intuitions by considering the role of wonder in these articles. (shrink)

In September 2017 Alexander Nehamas kindly accepted our invitation to have a meeting in Athens in order to discuss several issues of philosophical interest; with his latest publication On Friendship as a starting point we soon moved over to a multitude of topics Nehamas has so far dealt with. The whole conversation spirals around the probably most challenging and demanding issue as far as practical philosophy is concerned – yet one every moral agent needs to provide an adequate answer (...) to during his lifetime: Values. Do they exclusively belong to the domain of morality? Nehamas claims that “although moral values […] are important […], they are not the only values that determine whether a life is or is not worthwhile”. This view inevitably shifts the focus from individual values - even fundamental ones such as friendship, art and truth- to the real issue: What is a good life, after all? (shrink)

We extend Gurevich-Harrington's Restricted Memory Determinacy Theorem), which served in their paper as a tool to give their celebrated “short proof” of Robin's decision method for S2S. We generalize the determinacy problem by attaching to the game two opposing strategies called restraints, and by asking “which player has a strategy which is a refinement of the restraint for the player and such that it wins the game against the restraint of the opponent?” We give a solution for the Determinacy with (...) Restraints Problem in the class of strategies with restricted memory for the GH games. The solution includes a criterion for the winning player and an explicit class of winning strategies. A determinacy result which includes similar information was first discovered by Büchi and Landweber and extended by Büchi . However, these pioneering works do not consider the determinacy with restraints. Also, the explicit presentation of winning strategies in these insightful papers does not emphasize their modular construction as do GH's and our proofs. In our view, this is a source of a difficulty in understanding these papers. Games with restraints and modular construction of winning strategies have applications to the semantics, development and verification of concurrent programs. A concurrent program can be viewed as a strategy in a certain game and a program specification can be regarded as a combination of a winning condition and restraints for the game , A. Yakhnis and V. Yakhnis ). The modularity of a winning strategyfor the game helps to generate a concurrent program from the strategy that satisfies the specification ). It turns out that such program specification requirements as mutual exclusion and an absence of a lockout or a deadlock are naturally represented as Büchi's or Gurevich-Harrington's winning conditions. The present paper can be read independently of the paper by Gurevich and Harrington. (shrink)

Professor Eckstein's book is a study of China's efforts to achieve rapid modernization of its economy within a socialist framework. Eckstein begins with an examination of economic development in pre-Communist China, specifically focusing on the resources and liabilities inherited by the new regime in 1949 and their effects on development policies. He then analyses the economic objectives of the Communist leadership - narrowing income disparities, maintaining full employment without inflation, and achieving rapid industrialization - and argues that the implementation of (...) these goals required a potent ideology capable of providing a strong faith and motivational force for the mass mobilization of resources. In discussing the methods used by the government to achieve its aims, Eckstein makes a thorough evaluation of China's general framework for economic planning, particularly in regard to the distribution and pricing of farm products and the allocation of resources in the industrial sector. The author also evaluates the radical institutional changes in property relations and in economic organization in the People's Republic of China. (shrink)

This book explores some of the conditions and underlying causes of the multiple environmental crises facing humanity. Rooted in anthropology, but multidisciplinary in scope, it surveys the many socio-cultural and socio-economic errors, foibles, and follies that brought us to these circumstances. Crucially and uniquely, it outlines an array of viable and practical solutions, some of which are radically different from the current status quo and cultural expectations. The first chapter canvasses the emerging, interdisciplinary field of political ecology, then Part I (...) examines details and trends in agriculture. Part II portrays the threats posed by carbon dependent and combustive technologies as well as the hydro and nuclear energy systems now powering the majority of human actions in developed parts of the world and expanding beyond. The third part turns to consider solutions, including green new deals, de-growth policies, localization, agroecology, alternative energy systems, and many more possibilities. The conclusions engage with urgent moral and legal issues and outline social movement strategies-all related to our collective neglect of climate change-and then finally speculate upon possible futures. This book is key reading for researchers and students interested in climate change across the social and physical sciences and humanities. (shrink)

Levinas a cherche a eriger l'ethique en philosophie premiere. Comment ce projet est-il conciliable avec la methode phenomenologique dont il s'est toujours inspire et dont il est reste tributaire tout au long de sa vie? L'auteur essaie d'y repondre en mettant en evidence ce qu'il appelle une phenomenologie sans phenomenalite. Celle-ci s'inscrit expressement dans la tradition de la phenomenologie transcendantale que Levinas prolonge et actualise en promouvant un concept inedit du transcendantal (concu comme conditionnement mutuel du constituant et du constitue (...) ). Au sommet de cette phenomenologie est l' epiphanie du visage, manifestation d'une alterite radicale qui confere le sens a l'apparaissant sur un mode non intentionnel et non phenomenal. C'est autour du visage que s'articulent les categories fondamentales de son parcours: jouissance, demeure, possession, feminite, amour, erotisme, fecondite, etc. Le present ouvrage qui s'appuie essentiellement sur le premier chef d'oeuvre de Levinas (Totalite et infini, paru en 1961) tente d'eclaircir ces concepts, tout en exposant les idees directrices de la philosophie levinassienne de la subjectivite, de la transcendance, du langage, du temps et de la verite. (shrink)

Must we obtain a patient’s consent before posthumously removing her organs? According to the consent requirement, in order to permissibly remove organs from a deceased person, it is necessary that her prior consent be obtained. If the consent requirement is true, then this seems to rule out policies that do not seek and obtain a patient’s prior consent to organ donation, while at the same time vindicating policies that do seek and obtain patient consent. In this paper, however, I argue (...) that once we recognize the difference between consent, on the one hand, and wishing or desiring, on the other, we will see that obtaining consent before organ removal is neither necessary nor sufficient to respect patient autonomy in organ procurement. (shrink)

À propos de la « pensée 68 » selon Serge AudierComme tous les dix ans, l’anniversaire de Mai 68 a donné lieu à un déluge de publications ; et, comme tous les dix ans, il fallait qu’émerge de la masse une poignée de titres qui dispenseraient de regarder les autres. Celui de Serge Audier fit partie de ceux-là, avec son titre accrocheur et toutes les apparences d’une grosse étude sérieuse sur un pan de l’histoire intellectuelle récen..

Einleitung Die Ausbreitung des Massentourismus und die Grundstücksspekulation gefährden frühbyzantinische und byzantinische archäologische Stätten im südwestlichen Kleinasien akut. Wie nun schon in den 1980er Jahren ein Vier-Sterne-Hotel einer spanischen Hotelkette direkt in das weit ausgedehnte spätantike und byzantinische Ruinengebiet von Kauniōn Panormos, das mittelalterliche Prepia (der heutige Name des benachbar ten Örtchens ist Sarigerme), das an der Mündung des Sarisu Çayi – zu deutsch: Gelbwasser-Fluß – im westlichen Lykien gelegen ist, hineingebaut wurde, so sind nun schon vorbereitende Hotelbauarbeiten im Auftrage (...) einer weiteren europäischen Hotelkette mitten im spätantiken Ruinengebiet der Ala-Kilise-Bucht (Anastasioúpolis?) in Karien im vollen Gange, nun soll hier in der Nähe noch eine Appartmenthaussiedlung entstehen. Ein Hilferuf des Verfassers bei der UNESCO Suborganisation ICOMOS verhallte bisher ungehört. Das Ruinengebiet von Sarigerme befindet sich südwestlich von Dalaman und südöstlich der Polis Kaunos. Auf der Kauniōn Panormos (Prepia) unmittelbar vorgelagerten Papas-Insel (Baba Adasi) befindet sich die Ruine eines antiken Mausoleums oder eines Leuchtturms und genauso wie Kaunos verfügte das Bistum (Kaunion) Panormos über ein in der Spätantike allerdings wohl noch intaktes, heute versumpftes, Hafenbecken. Offenbar im Zuge von Bauarbeiten in der Hotelanlage von Sarigerme wurden zwei im Ruinengebiet gefundene Kapitelle vor die Lobby des Hotels verschleppt. Es handelt sich hierbei zum einen um ein größeres korinthisches Normalkapitell aus Marmor mit einer durch ein Profil zweigeteilten Abakusleiste (vgl. Abb. 1), das möglicherweise ursprünglich aus einer der beiden großen Basiliken – von denen eine die Bischofskirche gewesen sein wird – des Ortes stammt und welches dem 5./6. Jh. zugeordnet werden kann, zum anderen um ein byzantinisches Kleinkapitell aus feinkristallinem weißen Marmor (vgl. Abb. 2–4). Das größere korinthische Kapitell gehört zu einem weit verbreiteten Standardtypus und soll deswegen hier nicht weiter besprochen werden. Das Kleinkapitell zeigt jedoch ein einzigartig gestaltetes Dekor, für das dem Verfasser bisher kein direktes Vergleichsbeispiel bekannt ist und das, durch diese kurze Vorlage, sicherlich eine Bereicherung des provinziellen byzantinischen Bauplastik-Katalogs sein wird. (shrink)

Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags soll der Versuch unternommen werden, eine Antwort auf die Frage zu geben, welche Faktoren für den sportlichen Erfolg im modernen Berufsfußball verantwortlich sind bzw. hinsichtlich welcher Faktoren sich die sportlich erfolgreichen Vereine von den weniger erfolgreichen Vereinen unterscheiden. In diesem Zusammenhang ist insbesondere von Interesse, ob der sportliche Erfolg, wie vielfach behauptet wird, ausschließlich von monetären Faktoren determiniert wird und damit sprichwörtlich käuflich ist. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine diskriminanzanalytische Untersuchung möglicher Erfolgsfaktoren durchgeführt, wobei es (...) das umfangreich verfügbare Datenmaterial erlaubt, insgesamt 18 erfolgsrelevante Merkmalsvariablen in die Analysen einzubeziehen. (shrink)

Conventional understanding and research regarding prognostic understanding too often focuses on transmission of information. However, merely overcoming barriers to patient understanding may not be sufficient. In this article the authors provide a more nuanced understanding of prognostic awareness, using oncological care as an overarching example, and discuss factors that may lead to prognostic discordance between physicians and patients. We summarize the current literature and research and present a model developed by the authors to characterize barriers to prognostic awareness. Ultimately, multiple (...) influences on prognostic understanding may impede acceptance by patients even when adequate transfer of information takes place. Physicians should improve how they transmit prognostic information, as this information may be processed in different ways. A model of misunderstandings in awareness, ranging from patient understanding to patient belief, may be useful to guide future discussions. Future decision-making studies should consider these many variables so that interventions may be created to address all aspects of the prognostic disclosure process. (shrink)

We consider games over a finite alphabet with Gurevich-Harrington's winning conditions and restraints as in Yakhnis-Yakhnis . The game tree, the Gurevich-Harrington's kernels of the winning condition and the restraints are defined by finite automata. We give an effective criterion to determine the winning player and an effective presentation of a class of finite automata defined winning strategies.Our approach yields an alternative solution to the games considered by Büchi and Landweber . The BL algorithm is an important tool for solving (...) effectively presented games. The differences between the BL and our algorithms are as follows. Our algorithm is uniformly applicable to winning sets that correspond to boolean combinations of BL winning conditions, while the BL algorithm requires a transformation of such boolean combinations into a single BL condition. Our algorithm directly applies to a larger class of game trees for a given game alphabet than does the BL one. We describe Büchi-Landweber's class of winning conditions in a more transparent way by using finite automata and Gurevich-Harrington's form of winning conditions. Our algorithms that determine the winner of the game and find a winning strategy, are based on a translation of the events in the game in terms of the transition table of the automaton representing the game. This automaton differs from the ones that represent BL winning conditions. Both algorithms need further investigation.The algorithm determining the winner in the game, can be used as a verifier of concurrent programs. This is because programs can be viewed as strategies in Gurevich-Harrington's games and program specifications could be regarded as winning conditions for such games. The algorithm which finds a winning strategy could be used as a basis for automated concurrent program design.The present paper is a sequel to Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 48 277–297. (shrink)

In this short article I examine whether and how one’s minor culpability in giving rise to an instance of otherwise justified defense affects the defense and affects the act giving rise to it.

In my general aim to probe a non-reductionist Philosophy of Cognitive Enhancement, considering social self-other relations and the epistemic 2PP in social syn-aesthetic tuning-ins, synchronisations and tuning-outs, this paper amplifies the Aristotelian common sense concept κοινὴ αἲσθησις2 by analysing the concept and metaphor of “resonance”3 in contemporary debates on >resonance< as acoustic and multimodal figure of thought. Resonance as shown in scientific models derived from acoustics will be applied to an aesthetic comunity of sensing and making music together as explored (...) in Alfred Schütz, as well as in social relations in social psychology. Finally, this paper puts resonance to test as well in technical atunements of social relations and closes with the necessary resistance to imposition of social resonance, introduced in this paper as xenoresonance. (shrink)